最小体力消耗路径

2021-01-29

你准备参加一场远足活动。给你一个二维 rows x columns 的地图 heights ，其中 heights[row][col] 表示格子 (row, col) 的高度。一开始你在最左上角的格子 (0, 0) ，且你希望去最右下角的格子 (rows-1, columns-1) （注意下标从 0 开始编号）。你每次可以往 上，下，左，右 四个方向之一移动，你想要找到耗费 体力 最小的一条路径。

一条路径耗费的 体力值 是路径上相邻格子之间 高度差绝对值 的 最大值 决定的。

请你返回从左上角走到右下角的最小 体力消耗值 。

示例 1：
输入：heights = [[1,2,2],[3,8,2],[5,3,5]]
输出：2
解释：路径 [1,3,5,3,5] 连续格子的差值绝对值最大为 2 。
这条路径比路径 [1,2,2,2,5] 更优，因为另一条路径差值最大值为 3 。

示例 2：
输入：heights = [[1,2,3],[3,8,4],[5,3,5]]
输出：1
解释：路径 [1,2,3,4,5] 的相邻格子差值绝对值最大为 1 ，比路径 [1,3,5,3,5] 更优。
示例 3：

输入：heights = [[1,2,1,1,1],[1,2,1,2,1],[1,2,1,2,1],[1,2,1,2,1],[1,1,1,2,1]]
输出：0
解释：上图所示路径不需要消耗任何体力。

提示：
rows == heights.length
columns == heights[i].length
1 <= rows, columns <= 100
1 <= heights[i][j] <= 106
通过次数5,757提交次数14,683

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/path-with-minimum-effort
著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

class Solution {
    public int minimumEffortPath(int[][] heights) {
        int row = heights.length;
        int col = heights[0].length;
        father = new int[row * col];

        for (int i = 0; i < row * col; i++) {
            father[i] = i;
        }

        // id,id,dis
        int[][] dis = new int[row * col * 2][3];
        int count = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < col; j++) {
                int id = i * col + j;
                if (i > 0) {
                    // 计算与其上边相邻的
                    // 上边相邻的id是id-row
                    dis[count][0] = id - col;
                    dis[count][1] = id;
                    dis[count++][2] = Math.abs(heights[i][j] - heights[i - 1][j]);
                }
                if (j > 0) {
                    //计算与其左边相邻的
                    // 左边相邻的id是id-1
                    dis[count][0] = id - 1;
                    dis[count][1] = id;
                    dis[count++][2] = Math.abs(heights[i][j] - heights[i][j - 1]);
                }
            }
        }

        Arrays.sort(dis, new Comparator<int[]>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(int[] o1, int[] o2) {
                return o1[2] - o2[2];
            }
        });

        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < row * col * 2; i++) {
            union(dis[i][0], dis[i][1]);
            int fa = find(0);
            int fb = find(row * col - 1);
            if (fa == fb) {
                return dis[i][2];
            }
        }

        return 0;
    }

    int[] father = null;

    public int find(int x) {
        int a = x;
        while (x != father[x]) x = father[x];
        while (a != father[a]) {
            int z = a;
            a = father[a];
            father[z] = x;
        }
        return x;
    }

    public void union(int a, int b) {
        int fa = find(a);
        int fb = find(b);
        if (fa != fb) father[fa] = fb;
    }
}

并查集

class Solution {
    public int minimumEffortPath(int[][] heights) {
        int m = heights.length;
        int n = heights[0].length;
        List<int[]> edges = new ArrayList<int[]>();
        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                int id = i * n + j;
                if (i > 0) {
                    edges.add(new int[]{id - n, id, Math.abs(heights[i][j] - heights[i - 1][j])});
                }
                if (j > 0) {
                    edges.add(new int[]{id - 1, id, Math.abs(heights[i][j] - heights[i][j - 1])});
                }
            }
        }
        Collections.sort(edges, new Comparator<int[]>() {
            public int compare(int[] edge1, int[] edge2) {
                return edge1[2] - edge2[2];
            }
        });

        UnionFind uf = new UnionFind(m * n);
        int ans = 0;
        for (int[] edge : edges) {
            int x = edge[0], y = edge[1], v = edge[2];
            uf.unite(x, y);
            if (uf.connected(0, m * n - 1)) {
                ans = v;
                break;
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

// 并查集模板
class UnionFind {
    int[] parent;
    int[] size;
    int n;
    // 当前连通分量数目
    int setCount;

    public UnionFind(int n) {
        this.n = n;
        this.setCount = n;
        this.parent = new int[n];
        this.size = new int[n];
        Arrays.fill(size, 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            parent[i] = i;
        }
    }
    
    public int findset(int x) {
        return parent[x] == x ? x : (parent[x] = findset(parent[x]));
    }
    
    public boolean unite(int x, int y) {
        x = findset(x);
        y = findset(y);
        if (x == y) {
            return false;
        }
        if (size[x] < size[y]) {
            int temp = x;
            x = y;
            y = temp;
        }
        parent[y] = x;
        size[x] += size[y];
        --setCount;
        return true;
    }
    
    public boolean connected(int x, int y) {
        x = findset(x);
        y = findset(y);
        return x == y;
    }
}

作者：LeetCode-Solution
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/path-with-minimum-effort/solution/zui-xiao-ti-li-xiao-hao-lu-jing-by-leetc-3q2j/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

$\texttt{Dijkstra}$ 算法

class Solution {
    int[][] dirs = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}};

    public int minimumEffortPath(int[][] heights) {
        int m = heights.length;
        int n = heights[0].length;
        PriorityQueue<int[]> pq = new PriorityQueue<int[]>(new Comparator<int[]>() {
            public int compare(int[] edge1, int[] edge2) {
                return edge1[2] - edge2[2];
            }
        });
        pq.offer(new int[]{0, 0, 0});

        int[] dist = new int[m * n];
        Arrays.fill(dist, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        dist[0] = 0;
        boolean[] seen = new boolean[m * n];

        while (!pq.isEmpty()) {
            int[] edge = pq.poll();
            int x = edge[0], y = edge[1], d = edge[2];
            int id = x * n + y;
            if (seen[id]) {
                continue;
            }
            if (x == m - 1 && y == n - 1) {
                break;
            }
            seen[id] = true;
            for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
                int nx = x + dirs[i][0];
                int ny = y + dirs[i][1];
                if (nx >= 0 && nx < m && ny >= 0 && ny < n && Math.max(d, Math.abs(heights[x][y] - heights[nx][ny])) < dist[nx * n + ny]) {
                    dist[nx * n + ny] = Math.max(d, Math.abs(heights[x][y] - heights[nx][ny]));
                    pq.offer(new int[]{nx, ny, dist[nx * n + ny]});
                }
            }
        }
        
        return dist[m * n - 1];
    }
}

作者：LeetCode-Solution
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/path-with-minimum-effort/solution/zui-xiao-ti-li-xiao-hao-lu-jing-by-leetc-3q2j/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。